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- BUSINESS, Page 71Any Bright Ideas Out There?
-
-
- As it turns out, there are a lot of good ones, though the right
- way to lift the country out of its year-long slump is still
- anybody's guess
-
- By BERNARD BAUMOHL
-
-
- The U.S. economy is in a mess and no one in Washington
- seems to have a clue how to get out of it. There was a flash of
- good news last week, when the government reported that the
- gross national product grew at a 2.4% annual rate in the third
- quarter. But it was quickly doused by a torrent of dismal
- reports showing last summer's rebound to be short-lived. Sales
- of new homes plunged 12.9% in September despite the lowest
- mortgage rates in 14 years. Consumer-confidence sagged in
- October to levels not seen since the height of the Persian Gulf
- war, and the unemployment rate for the month crept up 0.1%, to
- 6.8%. Even normally reticent Federal Reserve Chairman Alan
- Greenspan admitted in a speech last week that the economy had
- recently turned "demonstrably sluggish."
-
- Reviving this economy is proving to be one of the toughest
- challenges of the century. In previous downturns, policymakers
- were able to jump-start the engine through tax cuts, higher
- government spending and falling interest rates. But this time
- around, such techniques either haven't worked or are difficult
- to implement. Though interest rates have been falling since
- 1989, overextended banks won't ease up on new loans. Budget
- deficits exceeding a quarter of a trillion dollars discourage
- tax cuts or spending increases for fear of renewed inflation and
- higher interest rates.
-
- What to do? Here are the recommendations of 10 economists
- from around the U.S.
-
-
- Roger Brinner, chief economist
- Data Resources
- (economic-research firm)
- Lexington, Mass.
-
- -- Federal Reserve should cut interest rates 1%
- immediately.
-
- -- Congress should not cut personal income tax rates. It
- would be too costly for the budget, heighten worries of
- inflation, and raise long-term interest rates.
-
- -- Fund extended unemployment benefits to the jobless, and
- pay for them by cutting fat in other federal programs like
- Amtrak and government pensions.
-
- -- Introduce a 10% investment-tax credit specifically for
- manufacturing equipment.
-
-
- Don Conlan, president
- Capital Strategy Research
- (economic-consulting firm)
- Los Angeles
-
- -- Don't tamper -- under any circumstances -- with last
- year's accord to reduce the budget deficit. Changing it now
- would open a Pandora's box of troubles and raise inflation
- fears.
-
- -- Greenspan's Federal Reserve, too cautious with monetary
- policy so far, should allow short-term rates to fall a little
- more.
-
-
- Fred Conrad, chief economist
- Eastman Chemical
- (producer of plastics, fiber and chemicals)
- Kingsport, Tenn.
-
- -- Do nothing. Let the economy rehabilitate on its own
- from the excesses of the 1980s. Quick fixes could end up doing
- more harm than good.
-
- -- Falling interest rates this year should be given more
- time to take effect.
-
-
- Kathleen Cooper, chief economist
- Exxon
- Irving, Texas
-
- -- Do not change personal income tax rates or increase
- government spending. The budget deficit is already too high.
-
- -- Focus more on monetary policy. The Federal Reserve
- should gradually continue to reduce short-term interest rates.
-
-
- John Godfrey, chief economist
- Barnett Banks
- Jacksonville
-
- -- Fed Chairman Greenspan should add a lot more money to
- the economy and forget about what it does to interest rates.
-
- --Do not change personal income tax rates.
-
- -- Lower the capital-gains tax from 31% to 20% for all
- types of business investments. That should help real estate,
- banks and thrifts. Don't worry about minuscule losses in tax
- revenues. Reviving the economy is much more important than a
- modest increase in the budget deficit.
-
-
- David Hale, chief economist
- Kemper Financial
- Chicago
-
- -- Allow banks, whose troubles are hindering the recovery,
- to earn interest on reserves placed with the Fed.
-
- -- Cut the capital-gains tax to 20%. Such a cut would
- stimulate real estate and help the financial industry, as well
- as the Resolution Trust Corporation, out of a jam.
-
- -- Don't meddle with personal income taxes.
-
- -- The Fed should continue to lower interest rates.
-
-
- Kenneth Mayland, chief economist
- Society National Bank
- Cleveland
-
- -- Lower interest rates to whatever it takes to increase
- the supply of money and credit in the economy.
-
- -- Do not cut personal income tax rates.
-
- -- Reduce the capital-gains tax to 20%. Do not pay for
- this by slowing federal spending elsewhere. The pickup in
- business activity from the tax cut should produce enough
- revenues to pay for it.
-
-
- Brian McDonald, director
- Bureau of Business & Economic Research, University of
- New Mexico
- Albuquerque
-
- -- Pass the bill to extend unemployment benefits.
-
- -- Don't cut taxes -- on anything. The financial markets
- would react adversely and push long-term rates up again.
-
- -- Bank regulators must ease up. Do not force banks to set
- aside reserves for losses on loans still paid on time, even if
- the value of the collateral has fallen.
-
-
- Lynn Michaelis, chief economist
- The Weyerhaeuser Co.
- (forest-products manufacturer)
- Tacoma
-
- -- Lower interest rates 1% -- immediately.
-
- -- End Wall Street's concerns over rising budget deficits
- by halting all talk of large tax cuts.
-
- -- Government should set up a special fund task force to
- find ways to increase bank lending.
-
-
- Edward Yardeni, chief economist
- C.J. Lawrence
- (investment firm)
- New York City
-
- -- Accelerate the depreciation allowance on real estate to
- relieve the biggest problem, the stagnant real estate market.
-
- -- Roll back personal income tax rates to Reagan-era
- levels.
-
- -- Pass a capital-gains tax cut.
-
- -- Don't worry about widening the budget deficit for now.
- Let's get out of the slump first; otherwise the recession will
- continue and the deficit will grow on its own.
-
- -- Lower interest rates more. The federal-funds rate is
- still 5 percentage points away from zero.
-
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